Lubricating compositions



Patented Sept. 28, 1954 [TED STATES LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS George D. Jefferson, Embreeville, Pa.,

and

No Drawing. Application March 7, 1950, Serial No. 148,258

19 Claims. 1

' The present invention relates to a novel composition of matter.

The object of the invention is to provide compositions of matter of W volatility, high emulsifiability and high lubricity.

Such compositions of matter are useful as textile lubricants, cutting oils, flushing oils, etc, and generally wherever an emulsifiable lubricant is desired.

The textile arts in particular find necessary the use of a treating agent which upon application will lubricate, not evaporate during storage of the textile and which may be removed by simple scouring. The various steps of forming and handling yarns of cotton, wool, viscose, nylon, cellulose acetate, etc., are high speed operations requiring the reduction of internal and external friction by treatment of the filaments, threads, fibers and the like. The lubricant must not be so volatile that it is lost to an eifective extent from the fibers should they be placed in storage between steps. Furthermore, it is frequently necessary that such lubricants be removed prior to after operations such as dyeing, hence the necessity for ease of removal. Lastly, the consistency of the lubricant should be such as to adapt itself to conventional modes of application and not require solvents, heating, etc.

The prior art has extensively employed mineral oils as textile lubricants. As employed in the past either alone or modified, these oils have been objectionable due to their high volatility and poor scourability properties. Thus, difiiculty in oil removal frequently has interfered with dyeing and other after treatments. Furthermore, upon storage of the textile, evaporation of these oils leaves the material harsh and unsuitable for textile manufacture.

There are less volatile non-mineral oil lubricants that are very effective in their lubricity when applied to textile treating purposes. These are objectionable, however, due to low scourability, high cost and high viscosity. This latter difiiculty necessitates special modes of application, rendering such treatment processes still more costly.

It has been discovered that blends of mineral oil lubricants and certain non-mineral oil type lubricants may be obtained which in combination with a mineral oil soluble dispersing agent combine the very desirable properties of high lubricity, low volatility, excellent scourability and suitable viscosity for direct application by conventional means.

Broadly, these desirable properties are attributable to novel compositions containing (1) from 51 to 98% refined mineral oil and (2) from 49 to 2% of a mixture containing (a) from 50 to 20% of a non-mineral lubricating compound of the structure:

wherein R is the residue formed by removal of active hydrogen from a compound of the class consisting of aliphatic alcohols, acids, amines and amides containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms solely substituted by hydrogen and R1 is a member of the class consisting of hydroxyl, and residues of the class in the definition of R, a: representing a number from 0 to 9 and 1/ being an integer less than 3, and (b) from 50 to of a suitable mineral oil soluble dispersing agent.

The preferred composition of matter contains from '75 to 98% of the mineral oil, from 1 to 12.5% of the lubricating compound and from 1 to 20% of the mineral oil soluble dispersing agent. lhe mineral oils employed as the base in this composition are of the conventional, petroleum base, lubricating grade. Their viscosity may vary through Wide ranges depending upon the anticipated application. A particularly suitable oil for textile treatment is a refined, white mineral oil having a viscosity of 50 seconds Saybolt at 100 F. Such oils are available commercially from major oil companies and textile supply houses.

The non-mineral oil lubricant compound of the class defined is typified by:

0 Polyoxyethylene ether of lauryl alcohol containing 2 oxyethylene groups Polyoxyethylene ether of cetyl alcohol containing 10 oxyethylene groups Polyoxyethylene stearic acid containing 3 oxyethylene groups Polyoxyethylene palmitic acid containing 7 oxyethylene groups Polyoxyethylene stearyl amine containing 4 oxyethylene groups Polyoxyethylene stearyl amine containing 10 oxyethylene groups Polyoxyethylene lauryl amine containing 1 oxyethylene group Polyoxyethylene stearoyl amide containing 5 oxyethylene groups Polyoxyethylene lauroyl amide containing 10 oxyethylene groups These products, in the generally commercially available forms used, are mixtures of closely related compounds. Also blends of various species of these lubricants can be made to obtain particular advantages in consistency, lubricity, and yarn softness.

It is understood, of course, that Within the class Mono-laurate of polyoxyethylene sorbitol containing 3 oxyethylene groups per mol Mono-palmitate of polyoxyethylene sorbitol containing 6 oxyethylene groups per mol of examples f Supra" there may exlst The commercially available forms of these disethylene Substlmtlon upon h one repersing agents are eminently suited for use in actlve hydrogen Where such avallable: for this invention. They contain a mixture of speinstance in the amino and amido derivatives. cific compounds of the indicated types difiering Also similar or dissimilar amido, amino and car- Within a relatively narrow range in polyoxyu boxy long chain residues may be supstl'tuted upon 10 ethylene content fatty acid (due to use of comeach end the oxyethyiene cham to produce mercial fatty acid mixtures), and molecular such derivatives as the master of polyoxyethyl' structure (due to isomerism). Furthermore. dif- 1 i l i1 1 b1: Tt ferent members of the class can be blended tol e dlspersmg agen. mus e so u gether to obtain desirable properties with respect serves the double function of rendering the min- 15 to consistency and dispersing power eral oil and non-mineral oil phases compatible The ccmpositions according to the invention as producutg stablhty. m the aqueous are produced by simple mixing of the components emulslons of the spltablfa Substances preferably accompanied by Warming. The lubriare the esters of fatty aclds Wlth ahphatlc. poly" cants are not soluble in the mineral oil bv themhycroxy p term ahPhatlc as selves but are carried into solution or fine susemployed. m the spemficaitlon and claims to pension by the oil soluble dispersing agents. In scribe this component is intended to include the the case of certain Concentrations some of the inner w of polybydroxy compounds such as mixtures may be slightly hazy when formed. the hexltans' Partlculafly Valuable. agents This haziness does not impair the usefulness of thls type formed.by the me a'clas the compositions although clear apparent solusuc.h l mynsmc" Steanc palmltlc' launc and tions are preferable Where the material must olelc with polyhydroxy compounds Such as y undergo prolonged storage. In many cases the polyglycolis' glycerol polyglycerols erythntol addition of a very small quantity of wate to a pentaerythritol, the hexitans and hexitols and hazy dispersion results in clearing it with ethylene oxide to form partial esters of poly- These compositions have low viscosities oxyet'hylenfi ethers and polyoxyethylene ethers parable to those of the mineral oil used and they of partial esters. Preferred among these are the may be applied to textile materials by the Same polyoxyethylene ephers of hexltan partla'l esters means and with standard equi ment used for of m aclds hwmg from 12 to 18 atoms mineral oil application. Evaporation of the minwheremfihe w of Oxyethylene grollps to fatty eral oil does not leave the textile material un- 2 i i ."Q g fg z of lubricated because the polyoxyethylene lubricant t ty acids awflg from} 12 to ,2 on m is essentially non-volatile and is a much more Wlth poilyoxyethylene ethers of hexltols wherein efiicient lubricant on a Weight basis than the of oxyethylene groups to fatty Mid 4O mineral oil. In addition the polyoxyethylene radicals lubricant has a pronounced softening effect, par- The mineral 011 soluble dispersing agent of the ticularly on Viscose yam thaf iq unghtqimmp A L I i .1. owl, class 1s "yplfied With mlneral oil. The composltion including the Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate containmineral oil is readily removable from the textile ing 4 oxyethylene groups per mol materials by simple scouring. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate containing Many of the compositions of the invention are 5 oxyethylene groups per mol self-emulsifiable in water and may if desired be Polyoxyethylene mannitan monolauratc containapplied to the textile material in emulsion form.

ing 3 oxyethylene groups per mol Whether emulsified or used in non-aqueous con- Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate containing dition, the compositions can be applied by spray 20 oxyethylene groups per mol mg, roller, dipping, or other conventional method. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate containing 20 e following p illuStla-te ypi al 001% oxyethylene groups per mol dltioning agents according to the invention. The Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tripalmitate containing mlneral l d s a fined Wh te 50W textile 1 oxyethylene groups per mol oil. The oil was warmed to about 6., the dis- Tetra-cleats of polyoxyethylene solbitol containpersin en nd ri nt w prew rmed and ing 30 oxyethylene groups per mol added with stirring.

Percent Example Miielral Dispersing Agent Percent Lubricant Percent 95 pollyoiyefthylerfisorbitanmono- 2.5 poblyoxyecthylrlenc stearyl alcohol 25 cos 6- oxye enegrou S. oxye l Q -l() S. same .2 "3" 15.0 polyoxyet ylc rsc steii yl alcohol 20 5 oxyethylcne groups. 80 same 15.0 polyoxyethylene stearic acid 7 i 0 oxyethylene groups. same 2.5 polyoxyethylene stearyl eminc 2.0

4 oxyethylenc groups. 95 polypxyethylene sorbitan tripal- 2.5 polyoxyethylenc stcaroyl amide 2 5 nntate-lG oxycthylenc groups. 5 oxyethylene groups. 75 tctraoleate of polyoxyethylene 15.0 polyoxyethylenc 0101C ac1d-2oxy- 10.0

sorb1tol-30 oxycthylcne groups. etnylene groups. 60 polyoxycthylene sorbitan trlo- 25.0 polyoxyethylene lauryl annnc- 15.0

leate 20 oxyethylene groups. 3 oxycthylene groups.

Tetra-laurate of polyoxyethylene mannitol containing 25 oxyethylene groups per mol The following examples illustrates typical applications of the conditioning agents of the invention. They also show a number of additional compositions of the type contemplated.

Example 8 Twenty denier twisted nylon yarn which had been previously sized with borated polyvinyl alcohol was treated in the coning process by passing over a roll turning in a trough of a conditioning agent having the following composition:

Per cent Polyoxyethylene stearic acid 3 oxyethylene groups 2.5 Polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan mono- 01eate-5 oxyethylene groups 2.5

White mineral oil (50w) 95.0

The yarn treated in this manner was found to produce superior knitting results when run on a. full fashioned knitting machine and the conditioning composition was easily removed by scouring with the customary agents used for this purpose. Normal dyeing performance was noted.

EmampZe 9 A dyed cotton knitting yarn was treated in the coning operation by passing over a roll turning in a trough containing a 20% emulsion in water of the conditioning agent of Example 2.

The yarn treated in this manner was found to produce superior knitting results when run on a tubular type knitting machine and the hand: of the resulting fabric was very satisfactory.

Example 10 secured Wool was treated by spraying with a conditioning agent having the following composition:

Per cent Polyoxyethylene stearic acid stearate 10 oxyethylene groups 10 Polyoxyethylene ether of mannitan monooleate-5 oxyethylene groups 10 White mineral oil (50w) 80 The wool stock treated in this manner carded very well and the spinning characteristics were satisfactory.

Example 11 Scoured wool stock was treated as in Example 10 with a 20% emulsion in water of a conditioning agent having the following composition:

Per cent Polyoxyethylene stearyl amine 10 oxyethylene groups Polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan monooleate-5 oxyethylene groups White mineral oil (50w) 80- The subsequent processing of this treated wool stock showed excellent performance.

Example 12 Cellulose acetate was treated as it was being extruded or spun by the application of a conditioning agent having the following composition:

Per cent Polyoxyethylene oleic acid 9 oxyethylene groups 10 Polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan monooleate-5 oxyethylene groups 10 White mineral oil (50w) 80 The application of the conditioning agent was so regulated that an amount equivalent to approximately 0.5% of the weight of the yarn was applied.

The yarn treated in this manner had a soft hand or feel and produced less static than untreated yarn when processed. The physical properties of this yarn were satisfactory.

Example 13 Freshly spun or green cakes of viscose rayon yarn which had been previously desulfurized, bleached and scoured, were treated on a cake processing machine with a 1% emulsion in water of a conditioning agent having the following composition:

Per cent Polyoxyethylene stearic acid '7 oxyethylene groups 1O Polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan monostearate-4 oxyethylene groups 10 White mineral oil (50w) 89 wherein R is the residue formed by removal of active hydrogen from a compound of the class consisting of aliphatic alcohols, acids, amines and amides containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms solely substituted by hydrogen and R1 is a member of the class consisting of hydroxyl and the residue formed by the removal of active hydrogen from a compound of the class consisting of aliphatic acids and alcohols containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, solely substituted by hydrogen, :1: representing a number from 0 to 9 and 11 being an integer less than 3 and (b) from 50 to of a mineral oil soluble material selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene ethers of hexitan partial esters of fatty acids having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the ratio of oxyethylene groups to fatty acid radicals is from 3 to 8, and partial esters of fatty acids having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms with polyoxyethylene ethers of hexitols wherein the ratio of oxyethylene groups to fatty acid radicals is from 3 to 8.

2. A composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the hexitan partial ester is a sorbitan partial ester.

3. A composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the hexitan partial ester is a mannitan partial ester.

4. A yarn carrying a surface coating of a composition as defined in claim 1.

5. A composition comprising (1) from 7 5 to 98% of a refined mineral oil and (2) from 25 to 2% of a mixture containing (a) from 50 to 20% of a compound of the formula:

wherein R is the residue formed by removal of active hydrogen from a compound of the class consisting of aliphatic alcohols, acids, amines and amides containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms solely substituted by hydrogen and R1 is a member of the class consisting of hydroxyl and the residue formed by the removal of active hydrogen from a compound of the class consisting of aliphatic acids and alcohols containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, solely substituted by hydrogen, 3? representing a number from 0. to 9 and y being an integer less than 3 and (b) from 50 to 80% or a mineral oil soluble material selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene ethers of hexitan partial esters of fatty acids having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the ratio of oxyethylene groups to fatty acid radicals is from 3 to 8, and partial esters of fatty acids having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms with pol'yoxyethylene ethers of hexitols wherein the ratio of oxyethylene groups to fatty acid radicals is from 3 to 8.

6. A composition as defined in claim wherein R represents an amide and the hexitan partial ester is a sorbitan partial ester.

'7. A composition as defined in claim 5 wherein R represents an amine and the hexitan partial esters is a sorbitan partial ester.

8. A composition as defined in claim 5 wherein R represents an aliphatic alcohol and the hexitan partial ester is a sorbitan partial ester.

9. A composition as defined inv claim 5 wherein R. represents an aliphatic acid and the hexitan partial ester is a sorbitan partial ester.

10. A composition as defined in claim 5 wherein R represents an aliphatic acid and the hexitan partial ester is a mannitan partial ester.

11. A composition comprising (1) 95% of a refined mineral oil and (2) 2.5% of polyoxyethylene'stearoyl amide containing 5 oayethylene groups, and (3) 2.5% of the polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan tripalmitate containing 16,0xyethylene groups.

12. A composition comprising (1) 80% of refined mineral oil and (2) 5% of polyoxyethylene stearyl amine containing oxyethylene groups and (3) of the polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan monooleate containing 5 oxyethylene groups.

1.). A composition comprising (1) 80% of a refined mineral oil and (2) 5% of polyoxyethylene stearyl alcohol containing 3 oxyethylene groups and (3) 15% of the polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan monooleate containing 5 oxyethylene groups.

14. A composition comprising (1) 80% of a refined mineral oil and (2) 10% of polyoXyethylene stearic acid containing 7 oxyethylene groups and (3) 10% of the polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan monostearate containing 4 oxyethylene groups.

15. A composition comprising (1) of a refined mineral oil and (2) 10% 0f polyoxyethylcne stearic acid stearate containing 10 cxyethylene groups and (3) 10% of the polyoxyethylene other of mannitan monooleate containing 5 oxycthylene groups.

16. A regenerated cellulose yarn containing as an active surface ingredient a composition comprising a mixture of (1) 80% white mineral oil, (2) 10% of polyoxyethylene stearic acid containing oxyethylene groups and (3) 10 of the polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan monostearate containing 4 oxyethylene groups.

17. A dyed cotton knitting yarn containing as an active surface ingredient a composition comprising a mixture of (1) 80% of a refined mineral oil and (2) 5% of polyoxyethylene stearyl alcohol containing 3 oxyethylene groups and (3) 15% of the polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan monooleate containing 5 oxyethylene groups.

18. A scoured wool stock containing as an active surface ingredient a composition comprising a mixture of (1) 80% of refined mineral oil (2) 5% of polyoxyethylene stearyl amine containing 10 oxyethylene groups and (3) 15% of the polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan monooleatc containing 5 oxyethylene groups.

19. A scoured wool stock containing as an active surface ingredient a composition comprising a mixture of (l) of a refined mineral oil and (2) 10% of polyoxyethylene stearic acid stearate containing 10 oxyethylene groups and (3) 10% of the polyoxyethylene ether of mannitan monooleate containing 5 oxyethylene groups.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,970,578 Schoeller Aug. 21, 1934 2,380,166 Grilfin July 10, 2,404,240 MacLaurin July 15, 19 26 2,425,755 Roberts Aug. 19, 194"! 2,436,219 MacLaurin Feb. 17, 1948 2,456,283 Jefferson cc. 1%, 1948 2,565,4103 Sproule et a1 Aug. 21, 1951 

1. A COMPOSITION COMPRISING (1) FROM 51 TO 98% OF A REFINED MINERAL OIL AND (2) FROM 49 TO 2% OF A MIXTURE CONTAINING (A) FROM 50 TO 20% OF A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA: 